raising the standard
CSE: What engineering challenges do office buildings pose that are different from other structures?
Jessie Jones: Predicting actual office building operations following construction can be challenging. Although we design buildings based on available usage information for our clients and on certain assumptions, it's up to owners and tenants to operate the facilities as designed for them to perform as intended. Changes in occupancy, program, and tenant schedules made throughout the design process and beyond can create cascading consequences with respect to construction scheduling/costs and building operational performance.
Charles B. Kensky: Design loads are based on occupancy and equipment usages and often differ across the floor plans and as well as from floor to floor. Meeting the outside air ventilation requirements on older high-rise buildings is a challenge due to the lack of outside air access. Varying occupancy demands, due to telecommuting, and increased power and cooling requirements for critical IT loads also add to the challenges. Varying occupancy in large training rooms and the increased ventilation requirements for open office spaces are a particular challenge, especially in older high-rise buildings.Like other Sprint modems, the U600 connects r4i to Sprint's CDMA 3G and WiMAX 4G networks on a $60/month plan that includes unlimited WiMAX and 5GB of 3G use. Other issues are personal comfort, proper temperature control and zoning, after-hours cooling, and how the tenant pays for this service.Because dimmable lights and dimmer fluorescent bulbs switches are so popular amongst American consumers, this drawback has been a significant one.
Keith Lane: The electrical engineer needs to ensure there is the flexibility within the electrical infrastructure to provide the required load densities for today and tomorrow while still providing a cost-effective design. Additionally, on the telecommunication side, the electrical engineer must understand the client’s bandwidth requirements and ensure future proofing.it may become necessary for Cree to look at led bulb purchasing additional LED lighting fixture firs in order to increase their market penetration in this area.
Andrew Thompson: Typically office buildings have fairly dense occupancy; ideally each occupant would be able to control its own environment. The individual environment is critical to productivity and ultimately the success of the project. Engineering systems that are able to adapt to the human element of a building is especially a challenge within an office environment.
CSE: How have the needs and characteristics of office buildings changed in recent years?
Thompson: Quality indoor environments with daylight and high ventilation air quantities have become more of a focus. Providing these elements within a high-performance building challenges designers to be creative in utilizing energy effectively without waste.
Lane: Offices are required to have much more flexibility on both the power and telecommunications side. Additionally, there are many more LEED-certified buildings,LED grow light suppliers in China are sky lanterns rolling out models with better price-performance ratios. so design innovation that provides for energy efficiency and cost effectiveness requires a higher level of engineering. Efficient lighting systems continue to evolve; we are seeing the implementation of LED lighting systems within office buildings. In large cities where square footage comes at a premium,sale of LED for lighting applications. Semileds is led lights only a minor palyer and should currently not be mentioned in the same breath as the other others we are seeing the implementation of car stackers within parking garages. Some of these stackers are completely automated.
Kensky: The higher outside air ventilation requirements are a challenge for older buildings, particularly with older high-rise buildings. The need for 24x7 cooling for critical spaces requires dedicated systems within the building infrastructure to properly handle these loads. Lower lighting loads and improved building envelopes have reduced cooling and heating capacities.
Jones: More stringent energy codes and standards are being established and enforced. To meet these enhanced requirements, design teams must collaborate early in the design process to develop "out-of-the-box" solutions. In addition to delivering more energy-efficient buildings, this integrated design approach delivers a more fluent design and construction process and leads to fewer errors and omissions.
CSE: What engineering challenges do office buildings pose that are different from other structures?
Jessie Jones: Predicting actual office building operations following construction can be challenging. Although we design buildings based on available usage information for our clients and on certain assumptions, it's up to owners and tenants to operate the facilities as designed for them to perform as intended. Changes in occupancy, program, and tenant schedules made throughout the design process and beyond can create cascading consequences with respect to construction scheduling/costs and building operational performance.
Charles B. Kensky: Design loads are based on occupancy and equipment usages and often differ across the floor plans and as well as from floor to floor. Meeting the outside air ventilation requirements on older high-rise buildings is a challenge due to the lack of outside air access. Varying occupancy demands, due to telecommuting, and increased power and cooling requirements for critical IT loads also add to the challenges. Varying occupancy in large training rooms and the increased ventilation requirements for open office spaces are a particular challenge, especially in older high-rise buildings.Like other Sprint modems, the U600 connects r4i to Sprint's CDMA 3G and WiMAX 4G networks on a $60/month plan that includes unlimited WiMAX and 5GB of 3G use. Other issues are personal comfort, proper temperature control and zoning, after-hours cooling, and how the tenant pays for this service.Because dimmable lights and dimmer fluorescent bulbs switches are so popular amongst American consumers, this drawback has been a significant one.
Keith Lane: The electrical engineer needs to ensure there is the flexibility within the electrical infrastructure to provide the required load densities for today and tomorrow while still providing a cost-effective design. Additionally, on the telecommunication side, the electrical engineer must understand the client’s bandwidth requirements and ensure future proofing.it may become necessary for Cree to look at led bulb purchasing additional LED lighting fixture firs in order to increase their market penetration in this area.
Andrew Thompson: Typically office buildings have fairly dense occupancy; ideally each occupant would be able to control its own environment. The individual environment is critical to productivity and ultimately the success of the project. Engineering systems that are able to adapt to the human element of a building is especially a challenge within an office environment.
CSE: How have the needs and characteristics of office buildings changed in recent years?
Thompson: Quality indoor environments with daylight and high ventilation air quantities have become more of a focus. Providing these elements within a high-performance building challenges designers to be creative in utilizing energy effectively without waste.
Lane: Offices are required to have much more flexibility on both the power and telecommunications side. Additionally, there are many more LEED-certified buildings,LED grow light suppliers in China are sky lanterns rolling out models with better price-performance ratios. so design innovation that provides for energy efficiency and cost effectiveness requires a higher level of engineering. Efficient lighting systems continue to evolve; we are seeing the implementation of LED lighting systems within office buildings. In large cities where square footage comes at a premium,sale of LED for lighting applications. Semileds is led lights only a minor palyer and should currently not be mentioned in the same breath as the other others we are seeing the implementation of car stackers within parking garages. Some of these stackers are completely automated.
Kensky: The higher outside air ventilation requirements are a challenge for older buildings, particularly with older high-rise buildings. The need for 24x7 cooling for critical spaces requires dedicated systems within the building infrastructure to properly handle these loads. Lower lighting loads and improved building envelopes have reduced cooling and heating capacities.
Jones: More stringent energy codes and standards are being established and enforced. To meet these enhanced requirements, design teams must collaborate early in the design process to develop "out-of-the-box" solutions. In addition to delivering more energy-efficient buildings, this integrated design approach delivers a more fluent design and construction process and leads to fewer errors and omissions.
沒有留言:
張貼留言